How can I prepare for an essay on a novel?

I know this may be obvious but it is still very important, make sure you have read the novel! Through reading the novel you will have probably noticed some themes and symbols which are recurrent throughout - make a note of these. For example, there could be opposites like love and hate or light and darkness. When you have your themes and symbols, find quotes which support your ideas and try to analyse these quotes - what do they say about said theme? It is then important to analyse the key characters in the novel. Think about who and what they might represent and as before, find quotes to show these ideas. When looking for quotes, try to find ones which use literary techniques, for example: imagery, alliteration, hyperboles, personification etc. Perhaps you have noticed the way a character speaks - is it formal or informal are they using imperatives, declaratives and who dominates in speech? What does this tell you about the nature of their character? Showing that you have noticed the choice of language used will demonstrate that you are a highly analytical reader. In terms of recording your thoughts, this is totally down to you! Mindmaps or flashcards can be very helpful and make sure to use lots of colour so that your work looks fun and interesting!