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Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis both cause muscle weakness and loss of muscle function. Suggest and describe how the function of neuromuscular junctions will be affected by Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

As both disorders reduce the speed at which nerve impulses are conducted, there will be fewer action potentials conducted at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). With fewer action potentials reaching the NMJ, l...
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Answered by Hibba S. • Biology tutor
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Explain why podocytes are usually unable to undergo mitosis.

The podocytes are arrested at G 0 of the cell cycle . If podocytes frequently underwent mitosis, it would alter the number and therefore the size of the fenestrations on the Bowman’s capsule, changing the ul...
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Answered by Hibba S. • Biology tutor
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Starch is made from two alpha-glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. Which is quicker to break down and why?

Amylose is formed from 1-4 glycosidic bonds, creating a compact spiral structure. It is unbranched, therefore enzymes can only work from either end to break the bonds and release glucose monomers - broken do...
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Answered by Samhitha A. • Biology tutor
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How do the actions of steroid hormones cause proteins to be made?

Steroid hormones move across the cell membrane to enter the cell (they can move through easily as they are made of lipid and are therefore non-polar, and also are generally quite small). They bind to recepto...
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Answered by Samhitha A. • Biology tutor
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What is a myocardial infarction and how is it treated?

A myocardial infarction is a fancy term for a heart attack, which is a common life threatening condition. Just splitting the name up tells us whats happening beneath the surface. Myo means muscle, Cardial re...
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Answered by Haroon A. • Biology tutor
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