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Diuretics can reduce the amount of Na+ that is reabsorbed by the nephron (leads to excretion of more salt and water in the urine) The reabsorption of Na+ from the kidney tubule back into the capillaries lowe...

The epithelial cells in the lungs are arranged into structures called alveoli which are found at the end of bronchioles and are adapted for efficient gas exchange. Firstly, there are millions of alveoli with...

For cells in the body that replicate, they undergo mitosis to produce two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. These cells are undergoing a cycle, called the cell cycle, with several stages leading...

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration have glycolysis as their first steps. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and involves phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, forming ATP and reduced NAD. Py...

The breakdown of carbohydrates from foodstuffs produces mono and disaccharides. These sugars are converted into glucose to be respired for energy generation. Respiration catabolises (breaks down) glucose, to...