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Describe the sequence of events that create an action potential

Before an action potential can even start, it is important to remember that there are already uneven concentrations of ions over the membrane. Potassium ions are at a higher concentration inside the cell, wh...
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Answered by Rebecca J. • Biology tutor
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What are the features of ATP which lead it to being termed the 'universal currency' of the cell?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP for short) is used to provide the energy for many cellular functions - by both animal and plant cells - as cells are unable to source their energy directly from sugars such as glu...
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Answered by Edward B. • Biology tutor
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What are the major similarities between oxidative phosphorylation and non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

In terms of similarities, both processes involve generating a proton electrochemical gradient across a membrane, by pumping protons from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration. This creates...
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Answered by Ollie W. • Biology tutor
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Why does putting honey on a cut kill the bacteria within it?

The water potential in bacterial cells is higher than that of the honey, meaning that water leaves the bacterial cells by osmosis. This loss of water denatures the bacterial cells as it stops metabolic react...
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Answered by Ashleigh H. • Biology tutor
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How do mutations make non-functional enzymes?

Mutations are changes to the base sequence. The base sequence determines the amino acid sequence. A different base sequence therefore codes for a different amino acid sequence. Amino acids interact with each...
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Answered by Chris B. • Biology tutor
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