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The process through which cells convert organic molecules into energy is called “respiration”. This process occurs in every cell of every organism and is vital to its survival. Usually, respiration is descri...

Taxonomy is how species are scientifically classified. Note, a species is a group of animals that are able to interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Species are organised into groups based on their evoluti...

Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Amino acids are made up of a central carbon atom, joined to one hydrogen atom, an amine group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R group. The R group varies ...

Proteins are polymers made of amino acids. Proteins are essential molecules. Among many other roles, they can catalyse numerous reactions within the body (these proteins are known as enzymes), they allow cel...

Tropomyosin is a protein that covers the actin binding site. This prevents a cross-bridge forming between the myosin and actin filaments whilst the muscle is at rest. Calcium ions bind to troponin molecules,...