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Charged or polar molecules such as salts, sugars and amino acids dissolve readily in water and so are called hydrophilic ("water loving"). Uncharged or non-polar molecules such as lipids do not dis...

The heart is made up of four chambers; the left atria, left ventricle, right atria and the right ventricle. The cardiac cycle is made up of repeating phases of systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation)...

ADH (anti diuretic hormone) is a hormone that is released when the hypothalamus detects high blood osmolarity or when blood pressure is low. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland into the blood. ...

The immune system usually makes antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens that may harm the body. However, in autoimmune disease, the body produces antibodies that recognise the body's own cells or enzymes as ...

Homeostasis is the maintenance of internal environments within a set narrow range (based around a set point) which is critical for survival. The environment remains relatively stable so reactions can occur a...