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Translation is a universal process in biology where a protein formed of amino acids is made by using messenger Ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) to dictate the order of amino acids. Following transcription (the conv...

The loop of Henle is found in the medulla of the Kidney. Its primary function is reabsorption of NaCl and water. Through the counter-current multiplier effect, a hypertonic medulla is created allowing reabso...

Primary: The specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein bound together by peptide bonds. There are 20 different amino acids, differing due to the variable R group coming off the central carbon...

Bacteria are cells which have natural genetic mutations, thus some bacteria will have advantageous mutations in their DNA. The use of antibiotics in hospitals create a selection pressure on the bacteria popu...

Beta cells in the pancreas contain potassium and calcium ion channels - potassium ion channels are normally open and calcium channels closed. When glucose concentrations outside of the cell are high the gluc...