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Describe the stages of phagocytosis (4 marks)

Phagocytes (white blood cells) recognise pathogens via receptors and chemoattractionPhagocytes engulf the pathogen, forming an intracellular compartment called a phagosome Lysosomes fuse with the phagosome t...
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Why do the concentrations of Glycerate-3-phosphate in the chloroplast decreases after dark?

Glycerate-3-phosphate is a compound made during the calvin cycle in the leaf stroma. The calvin cycle is a light independent reaction, so continues when the light concentration decreases. To convert Glycerat...
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How does allopatric speciation work?

Allopatric speciation occurs when the population of a species becomes divided and the two (or more) groups are isolated from one another. Different factors in the environment of each group will affect the pr...
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Explain why the binding of one oxygen molecule to haemoglobin makes it easier for a second molecule of oxygen to bind.

The binding of the first oxygen molecule changes the tertiary and therefor the quaternary structure of the haemoglobin molecule, therefore exposing another binding site making is easier for the second molecu...
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What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their carbon chain (the carbon chain is ‘saturated’ with hydrogen). In contrast, unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond b...
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