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Explain the trend in the first ionisation energies of the group 1 elements

The general trend is a decrease in first ionisation energy, which is because as you descend the group the number of energy levels surrounding the positively charged nucleus increases. This means that the out...
CB
Answered by Caitlin B. • Chemistry tutor
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Define a transition metal

Transition metals form coloured ions in solution. They have variable oxidation states, and often can be sued as catalysts. They are also able to form complexes with non-metal ligands, such as H2O or NH3, whe...
JM
Answered by James M. • Chemistry tutor
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Why does Benzene require a catalyst to react with Bromine whereas Phenol does not?

The -OH is an activating group, it donates its lone pair into the delocalised ring of electrons. This increases the electron density in the ring, making it more reactive.
FL
Answered by Frankie L. • Chemistry tutor
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Calculate the pH of 0.1M Benzoic Acid (C6H5COOH). Ka = 6.3x10-5 M

Ka = [H + ][B - ]/[HB]Benzoic acid dissociates to C6H6COO - and H + - this is a 1:1 ratio so the concentrations are equal hence [H + ][B - ] = [H + ] 2 6.3x10-5 = [H + ] 2 /0.16.3x10-6 = [H + ] 2 therefore H...
MB
Answered by Michael B. • Chemistry tutor
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Explain the effect of increasing concentraion of O2 on the equilibrium position of this gas phase reaction and what you might see given that Nitrogen Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide appear colourless and brown respectively. NO + 0.5O2 ----> NO2

Using "Le Chatelier's principle", the equilbrium will seek to oppose the change made to the reaction. In order to counter the increase in oxygen concentration, the reaction will shift to the right ...
AB
Answered by Amman B. • Chemistry tutor
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