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The method of doubt is a method developed by the philosopher René Descartes (1596 -1650) in his famous essay, Meditations on First Philosophy (1641). Descartes goal was to find a method which allowed him to ...

According to the theory of act utilitarianism, a person's actions are only moral if they achieve the best possible results in that specific situation. A simple example is copying from a classmate during scho...

Ethical naturalism is the theory that how things turn out to be can be derived from how the world naturally is. This means that my sense perception is an accurate means of gathering information about what ex...

What seperates an average conclusion from a top-level conclusion is whether the student can draw original insights from their own arguments. Most A-level students will simply summarise their argument in the ...

Direct realism is the common sense view within the philosophy of mind which states that objects are as they appear to be, all objects are made of matter and that our perceptions are entirely correct. Indirec...