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An amino acid is a monomer of a protein formed from an amino group, carboxyl group and variable R-group. They are held in long chains via peptide bonds.

Stimulus, e.g. pressure or heat, is detected by receptors. This impulse is carried on neurones. Neurones meet at a synapse where neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse. The impulse is then carried alon...

(Background) A reflex is a sudden, unconscious and involuntary response to a stimuli. It occurs through 3 different types of neurones or nerve cells: 1) The stimulus (heat, pain, light) is detected through a...

ADH stands for anti-diuretic hormone. An increase in ADH production would lead to more water being reabsorbed into the blood/capillaries. As such, urine contains less water and becomes more concentrated.

As the blood vessel taking blood out of the Bowman's capsule is narrower, it has a smaller width. The smaller width creates more resistance, which increases blood pressure inside the Bowman's capsule. This h...