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How is the resting membrane potential produced in typical mammalian neurons?

The membrane potential describes the movement of charged ions across a membrane. A positive membrane potential indicates net movement of positive charge into the cell, or net movement of negative charge out....
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Answered by Alex T. • Biology tutor
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A patient has the cold, explain to them why antibiotics can only be used to treat certain types of infection and the issues that develop when antibiotics are used too much.

Infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Antibiotics are a class of drug designed to kill or stop the growth of bacteria. They cannot be used to treat infections caused by viruses, such as the...
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Answered by Catherine S. • Biology tutor
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Describe how an action potential is transmitted down the axon of a myelinated neurone

Depolarisation of the membrane in a myelinated neurone occurs in gaps between the schwann cells of the myelin sheath known as nodes of Ranvier. During depolarisation of the membrane at a node there is an inf...
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Answered by Angus N. • Biology tutor
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Discuss the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.

The pancreas is located in the central abdomen and is responsible for a variety of endocrine and exocrine functions. Its endocrine (into blood) functions include the release of insulin (to control blood gluc...
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Answered by Luke H. • Biology tutor
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How would blood glucose levels be lowered upon becoming too high?

The high concentration of glucose in the blood is detected by the pancreas. Beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin and the alpha cells cease production of glucagon. The insulin binds to specific receptor...
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Answered by Emily E. • Biology tutor
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