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Describe the sequence of events that create an action potential

Before an action potential can even start, it is important to remember that there are already uneven concentrations of ions over the membrane. Potassium ions are at a higher concentration inside the cell, wh...
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Answered by Rebecca J. • Biology tutor
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Describe how smoking damages the lungs

Smoke contains contents that can irritate the respiratory tract, which can lead to inflammation of the Bronchi. This is termed Bronchitis. Cilia may be damaged by tar, leaving them immobile, which means that...
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Answered by Hayley O. • Biology tutor
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What is meant by the 'circulation systems' in terms of blood flow?

There are two circulatory systems in the body that enable blood to flow around the body. One system is between the heart and the lungs, and the other is from the heart to every other part of the body. The he...
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Tom and Lesley are married and have a child, Sally, who has Cystic Fibrosis. Lesley has just found out she is pregnant, so what is the probability that the baby will have the condition?

Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive disease, therefore for Sally to have the condition she must have a homozygous recessive genotype, with one recessive allele of the gene from the mother and one from the father....
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Answered by Lillie D. • Biology tutor
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If x = 3, what is the value of 2x^2

As we are told that the value of x is equal to 3, we are able to substitute this into our equation, so it becomes: 2(3)^2. We then use the rules of BIDMAS, so we must square the number 3 first (meaning we mu...
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Answered by Satveer R. • Biology tutor
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