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the sodium-potassium pump enables the passage of sodium and potassium ions. Both of which must be present. This uses energy as it is done via active transport. They move across their concentration gradient.

Pyruvate converts to Acetylcoenzyme A in an oxidation reaction. Pyruvate and coenzyme A combine to form acetylcoenzyme A. One of pyruvate's 3 carbon atoms goes to form a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is ...

Firstly, don't panic! These questions are always either a description of a process (so you can learn it off by heart), or an analysis of information that is given to you. Although it's not advisable to write...

I like to approach this in 6 steps, but you could also draw this as a diagram if you find that more helpful. All the words in capital letters are needed to get the credit in an exam: 1)NADH and FADH are REOX...

B-cells and T-cells are both able to react to specific pathogens, but do this in different ways. B-cells produce antibodies that can bind to the pathogen. T-cells have a few functions: they can kill host cel...