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There are 4 cardiac (from the Greek 'καρδία', meaning 'heart') valves. Physiology (Function) - The pulmonary and aortic valves prevent the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery and aorta into the ventr...

It is understandable why there is confusion between the two terms as we use the term 'respiratory system' to refer to the lungs and associated structures, even though they are not directly involved in the pr...

A low temperatures enzyme activity will be slow but as the temperature rises the enzyme will gain more kinetic energy and hence move around more enabling greater interaction with the substrate. This will res...

A mnemonic can be used for such questions which ask for 4/5 points. With intensive rearing for example: My Whale Does Yoga Sometimes. M - movement, W - warmth, D - diet, Y - young, S - selective breeding. Fr...

Looking at a diagram of muscle cells you can identify: Z lines, H zone, I band, and A band. The Z lines move closer together, H zone becomes more narrow, as does the I band, and the A band remains the same w...