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Sickle cell disease is caused by a recessive allele of the haemoglobin gene. When two copies are present (i.e. it is homozygous), many red blood cells become sickle-shaped, leading to disease. However, if on...

Everyone has their own ways of remembering things, but there are some good general points that might help you out. If you just read over things, you might find that you can’t remember much at the end of a se...

Allopatric speciation: New species appear when one interbreeding population is split into two reproductively isolated populations, which then evolve to become separate species. This mostly happens when popul...

Translation is a universal process in biology where a protein formed of amino acids is made by using messenger Ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) to dictate the order of amino acids. Following transcription (the conv...

Mitosis is the process by which cells reproduce. It occurs during the M-phase of the cell cycle. At this point, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids, which were formed by DNA replicati...