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The alveolar epithelium is very thin, just one cell layer thick. This means the diffustion distance is small, therefore diffusion of gases occurs rapidly. Remember that diffusion is the net movement of parti...

The key elements which will help you achieve top marks in your IA are personal engagement, primary data, data manipulation and findings from other investigations similar.

Metabolic rate is the speed at which chemical reactions take place in our bodies

- Running through past exam papers - Reading, memorising, and re-writing - Taking regular breaks

There are two main reasons that smoking can increase blood pressure: Cigarette smoke contains nicotine which, once inhaled, can enter the bloodstream and cause the release of adrenaline which increases the h...