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what are the differences between involuntary, cardiac and voluntary muscle?

Involuntary muscle (or smooth muscle) is innervated by the autonomic nervous system and therefore is not under conscious control. It is not striated - rather, muscle cells contain small bundles of actin and ...
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Answered by Dani E. • Biology tutor
50843 Views

How are signals transmitted across the synaptic cleft?

When the action potential reaches the synaptic knob it causes voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open, allowing calcium ions to diffuse in. These calcium ions cause synaptic vesicles containing acetylchol...
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Answered by Dani E. • Biology tutor
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A guanine is swapped for a thymine in a gene sequence. Explain how this may alter the function of the protein it translates.

The alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the gene may result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein during translation. Each set of three RNA nucleotides (anticodon) is recognised by a rib...
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Answered by Matthew D. • Biology tutor
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Describe how plants react to the environmental factor of Light

One environmental factor which has an effect on a plant is light. The stems of a plant grow towards the light, and roots grow away from the light. We call this phototropism (Photo = Light and Tropism = movem...
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Answered by Ellie A. • Biology tutor
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What are the main similarities and differences in the structure of plant and animal cells?

Animal cells have the following organelles: A nucleus which controls the activities of the cell and stores the cell DNA; cytoplasm where most of the cell's chemical reactions take place; a cell membrane whic...
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Answered by Amy W. • Biology tutor
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