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A mutation is a change in the genetic composition of the DNA. It is often caused by an accidental insertion, deletion or swapping of a single base however whole genes can also move. SNPs, or single nucleotid...

Intercostal muscles and the diapragm contract, which causes the ribs to move upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thorax, therefore lowering the pressure within the lungs. The pressure of t...

A reflex action is an automatic rapid involuntary response, which acts to protect the body from damage. Such as when you touch something extremely hot, you involuntarily remove your hand from the hot object....

An enzyme is known as a biological catalyst. This is because they can speed up reactions by providing an alternative pathway, lowering the activation energy of the reaction. They are normally composed of a p...

Background knowledge DNA - carry the genetic code that determines characteristics of an organism Chromosomes - made from long DNA molecules, many genes all coiled up into a chromosome. A healthy person will ...