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DNA is made up of two long chain backbones, bound together and forming a double helix shape. These backbones are made up of repeating units, each of which have the following structure: A pentose sugar with a...

A carbohydrate is a long molecule made up of lots of individual units called monosaccharides. These units are sugars, including glucose, fructose and lactose. When two of these units are bound together, it's...

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration (down a concentration gradient). This occurs because the particles move randomly, and eventually end up evenly s...

A concentration gradient occurs when you have a solute, like salt, dissolved in a solution, like water. Most of the time there won't be the same amount of salt through out all of the water - there will be mo...

If both parents are heterozygous (xX) and the blue allele (x) is recessive to the dominant brown allele (X), the offpring has a 1/4 chance of getting homozygous recessive alleles (xx). If one or more of the ...