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Speciation (the formation of a new species) can be broken down into a few concise steps. The most important step is the isolation of two populations. This usually occurs because of physical factors such as a...

Many grana, large surface area for photosynthetic pigments, electron carriers and ATP synthase enzymes. Photosynthetic pigments are arranged into structures called photosystems, allows maximum absorption of ...

Basically this means that if the threshold voltage of a neurone is reached -40mV, then a stimulus will be generated of always +40mV. If the threshold is not reached then there will be no signal.

Speciation is the EVOLUTION of a NEW SPECIES from an EXHISTING SPECIES. If two populations are seperated so the flow of alleles stops (e.g geographic isolation- a physical barrier that prevents the 2 from br...

Sex linkage is a type of genetic disease, where the gene with the faulty allele is carried on the X chromosome. Women have 2X chromosomes whilst men only have 1. Consequently if the diseased allele is recess...