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Explain the energy flow in a food chain.

▪ Energy enters most communities as light, where it is absorbed by autotrophs (e.g. plants) and converted into chemical energy via photosynthesis ▪ Energy then gets passed to the primary consumer (herbivore)...
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Discuss the potential benefits and potential harmful effects of one example of genetic modification.

Example: The transfer of a gene that codes for a protein called Bt toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis to maize crops. (i.e. Bt Corn) Potential Benefits: ▪ Allows for the introduction of a charac...
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State two examples of current uses of genetically modified crops or animals.

Genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism containing a transplanted gene. Factor IX : A human clotting factor is produced by genetically modified sheep. The protein (factor IX) is expressed in milk ...
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Outline a basic technique used for gene transfer involving plasmids, a host cell (bacterium, yeast or other cell), restriction enzymes (endonucleases) and DNA ligase.

The human gene that codes for insulin can be inserted into a plasmid and then this plasmid can be inserted into a host cell such as a bacterium. The bacterium can then synthesis insulin which can be collecte...
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Outline three outcomes of the sequencing of the complete human genome.

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international cooperative venture established to sequence the 3 billion base pair (~25,000 genes) in the human genome. The outcomes of this project include: Mapping: We ...
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