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At its most basic, the TCA cycle is a mechanism which converts the fuel we consume - carbohydrates, fats and proteins - into special molecules called "reduced cofactors" which transport electrons t...

Promoters switch genes on, if a gene is inserted into a bacterium it needs a promoter added to coordinate with the gene for the chanracteristic to be expressed. For human insulin production in bacteria: 1) G...

Sucrose is digested faster than starch because the process only has one step: sucrose is digested to glucose by sucrase. However, the digestion of starch has two steps: starch is digested to maltose by amyla...

- Differences in genes lead to variation within a species - It is in an individuals' best interest to produce the maximum amount of offspring in order to have maximum variation in the genes of their offsprin...

Phagocytes are types of cells found in the bloodstream and tissue. They are an important part of the immune system. They recognise foreign antigens on invading pathogens and engulf them. They then digest the...