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How would you draw a Dot & Cross diagram for the ionic bonding of Potassium and Chlorine

The potassium has 1 electron on its outer shell.A chlorine atom has 7 electrons on its outer shell Potassium and Chlorine react to form Potassium Chloride The potassium and chloride ions will then have full ...
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Answered by Manas S. • Chemistry tutor
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Why does the first ionisation energy generally increase across a period? Explain why there are dips in energy between groups 2 and 3 and groups 5 and 6?

1st ionisation energy increases across a period as nucleus gets more positive, no further increase in shielding due to electrons being added to same shell, atomic radius decreases, attraction between nucleus...
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How does a acid buffer work?

For example CH3COOH buffer Buffer is in equilibrium like this - CH3COOH = CH3COO- + H+When a little bit of Acid (H+) is added equilibrium shifts left (as equilibrium shifts in the opposite direction when the...
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Answered by Emily R. • Chemistry tutor
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How does an increase in concentration affect the rate of reaction

An increase in concentration increases the rate of reaction because there are more particles in the same volume . This means that there as increase in the frequency of collisions.
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Answered by Hania K. • Chemistry tutor
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Nitrous acid, HNO2, is a weak Bronsted-Lowry acid with a Ka value of 4.43x10-4 mol dm-3. Calculate the pH of 0.375 mol dm-3 of HNO2.

We know how to calculate pH from H+ concentration with the equation : pH = -log 10 [H+] So, we need to work out the concentration of H+ ions in 0.375 mol dm -3 of nitrous acid, HNO 2 . We're given the Ka val...
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