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What is meant by 1st ionisation energy?

The energy required to remove an electron from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions
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Answered by Tiffany Z. • Chemistry tutor
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Why does phenol readily undergo electrophilic substitution but benzene does not without the aid of a catalyst?

Benzene's delocalised π system of electrons makes it not quite electron rich enough for the reaction to take place. The lone pair from the -OH group in phenol adds enough electron density into the ring so th...
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A 25 cm3 sample of an unknown concentration of sulfuric acid was titrated against 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide. The average titre was 20 cm3. Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid.

Balanced equation: H 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH → 2H 2 O + Na 2 SO 4 moles of NaOH = c x v = 0.1 mol dm -3 x (20/1000) dm 3 = 0.002 molStoichiometry: H 2 SO 4 :NaOH = 1:2moles of H 2 SO 4 = (0.002 mol)/2 = 0.001 molc=n/...
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Answered by Joseph K. • Chemistry tutor
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State and explain whether NaCl and Mg can conduct electricity in both the solid and molten states.

NaCl cannot conduct electricity in the solid state as the ions are held in an ionic lattice and therefore are not free to conduct. NaCl can conduct in the melt as the ions become mobile and therefore are fre...
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Answered by Joseph K. • Chemistry tutor
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Why do first ionisation energies decrease down a group but increase across a period?

The nucleus contains positively charged protons which attract the negative electrons, the first ionisation energy is the energy required to overcome this attraction and remove 1 electron As you go down a gro...
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Answered by Amy M. • Chemistry tutor
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