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The behaviourist explanation suggest that phobias and other behaviours are learnt through classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning through association with involuntary reflex re...

Social Learning Theory proposes that behaviours are learned through the observation of others, leading us to imitate these actions. Observational learning is particularly influential if said behaviour is rew...

Independent groups is one type of experimental design, whereby different participants take part in each condition of the independet variable. Random allocation is used when possible to ensure that there is n...

Ecological validty in an experimental condition is how applicable the study is to real life. For example, an experiment conducted in a laboratory has low ecological validity, as this type of setting does not...

The experiment was not ethical as Milgrim did not obtain informed consent from his participants. This is required as all members taking part in an experiment must be aware of all aspects since they may not b...