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What is functional RNA?

Non-coding RNA.The sequence of Messenger RNA codes for a protein so is not functional RNA. However some RNA has catalytic function, such as ribosomal RNA, doesn't code for proteins so is functional RNA. Tran...
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Answered by Edward C. • Biology tutor
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Outline the first three levels of protein structure, including the types of bonding within each

The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence which is determined by the base sequence of the gene which codes for the protein. Secondary structures include alpha-helicies and beta-pleated sh...
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Answered by Rowena G. • Biology tutor
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Explain how bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an example of natural selection. In a population of bacteria there may be some individuals that are not affected by the antibiotic. This may be due to random changes or...
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Answered by Rowena G. • Biology tutor
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Explain why successive ionization energies of an element increase and how they account for the existence of three main energy levels in the sodium atom

Successive ionization energies increase because for the same nuclear charge (positive pull of the nucleus) there are fewer electrons each time one is removed, thus more energy is required to remove successiv...
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Answered by Rowena G. • Chemistry tutor
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Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions (6 marks)

Crude oil is separated into fractions in a process called fraction distillation. The crude oil mixture is separated in a distillation column. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top. Fractional d...
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Answered by Rowena G. • Chemistry tutor
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