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How do vaccinations work?

People are immunised against pathogens through vaccination - usually an injection. A vaccine is comprised of dead , inactive or weakened pathogen or virus. These act as antigens (foreign proteins) that the b...
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Answered by Rachael O. • Biology tutor
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The quadratic equation 2x^2 + 8x + 1 = 0 has roots x1 and x2. Write down the value of x1+x2 and x1*x2 and find the value of x1^2 + x2^2

If a quadratic equation is of the form : ax^2 +bx +c =0and has roots x1 and x2, then the following statements are true:x1+x2 = - b/ax1 x2 = c/aIn our case: x1+x2 = - 8/2 = -4and x1 x2 = 1/2Now, x1^2 + x2^2 =...
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If y = 1/(x^2) + 4x, find dy/dx

First, notice that 1/(x^2) = x^(-2)dy/dx = d/dx (x^(-2) + 4x)The derivative of the sum is the sum of the derivatives= d/dx (x^(-2)) + d/dx (4x)The derivative of x^n is nx^(n-1), for every real number n, and ...
BM
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Given that (cos(x)^2 + 4 sin(x)^2)/(1-sin(x)^2) = 7, show that tan(x)^2 = 3/2

First, we use 1 - sin(x)^2 = cos(x)^2 and get:(LHS) (cos(x)^2 + 4 sin(x)^2)/(1-sin(x)^2)= (cos(x)^2 + 4 sin(x)^2)/cos(x)^2= 1 + 4 (sin(x)/cos(x))^2= 1 + 4 tan(x)^2Now we know that the left hand side is equal...
BM
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The surface run-off of nitrate from agricultural fertiliser into freshwater ponds and lakes can cause the death of the fish. Explain how this happens.

This question crops up a lot and may be up to a five mark question, if you learn the key points and terms you can be confident of getting all the marks you can here! First of all, an algal bloom occurs which...
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Answered by Sarah M. • Biology tutor
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