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Where a criminal offence requires the defendant to have an intention to achieve a result, there are 2 different tests of intention:(1) Direct Intention, or(2) Oblique Intention Direct Intention This is the o...

A quadratic equation is an equation that looks like: x 2 + 4x - 2 = 0. The general form of this is written as ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are all numbers, and x is our unknown variable. In the exampl...

Two major factors control how tightly held the outermost electron is and therefore how much energy is required to remove it, which gives us the size of the Ionisation energy. The first of these factors is sh...

The ionisation energy of an element is the energy required to remove the one of the outermost electrons from an atom of the element in its gaseous state. This is quite a difficult process to measure the ener...

A listening exam is daunting. There is not a lot of time to analyse an extract, so you need to find the quickest and most efficient way to gain marks. There are many different ways to approach an extract, an...