What is an absolute ablative, How is it constructed and can it be translated?

The absolute ablative is a widely-used construction in Latin, which acts a subordinate clause, especially a temporal, causal or concessive one. It can be easily recognised in the text because it is composed by a noun (or a pronoun) and a participle, both of which are in the ablative case, or by two nouns in ablative case and are not related to any other element in the sentence (they are 'absolute' indeed). Let's now analyse the different ways an absolute ablative may appear: Two nouns: it can be translated with a noun construction (ex 1) or with a subordinate clause (ex. 2) ex. 1 Cicerone console, Roma salva fuit = With Cicero as a consul, Rome was safe ex. 2 Me puero, Romulus rex erat = When I was a child, Romulus was the king. Noun and Present participle: it can be translated with a subordinate clause which is contemporaneous to the main sentence ex. Romulo regnante, laeta fuit pax = While Romulus was the king, there was a joyful peace. Noun and Perfect participle: it can be translated with a subordinate clause which happens before the action contained in the main sentence. It has generally a passive meaning, so that only transitive verbs can be used for this kind of absolute ablative (ex.1); moreover, also deponent verbs can enter in an absolute ablative, but they have to be intransitive ones (ex. 2)     ex. 1 Urbe capta, cives pacem petiverunt = When the city has been conquered, citizens requested peace ex. 2 Mortuo Caesare, Augustus potitus est = After Caesar had died, August took the power.

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Answered by Martina B. Latin tutor

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