What are the differences between the types of plate boundaries?

There's four main types you'll need to know. These are constructive, destructive, collision and conservative - these basically are just different ways that two tectonic plates could interact.

Constructive (also known as divergent) is the two plates pulling apart away from each other (or diverging).

Destructive (or convergent) is where the two plate push into each other, but one - the oceanic plate - is heavier and more dense, so is pushed under the lighter continental plate, this is known as subduction. 

Collision are when two plates push together, as above, but they're both continental plates. As one is not heavier than the other, they push together and upwards - forming features like fold mountains.

Conservative is the last type - this is where two plates are sliding parallel to each other, moving in the same or different directions.