First of all, an integer is a whole number, i.e. a not a fractional number, that can be positive, negative or zero. To find the range of values r and s for which the above fraction is an integer we can start by simplify the expression. By separating out the powers of 2 and 3 at both the numerator and denominator we thus obtain: (2x3)r+s x (22x3)r-s / ( 23r x 32(r+2s) ) which then equals to 2-s x 3-4s. This is an integer when s <= 0. The right answer is (b). Note that r does not affect the final value of the expression.
The notions to remember here are the exponent rules and properties: (1) Product rules: an x am = an+m and (a x b)n=an x bn. (2) Quotient rules: an / am = an-m. (3) Power rules: (an)m = anxm. (4) Negative exponent: a-n = 1/(an).