Derive the formula for the maximum kinetic energy of an electron emitted from a metal with work function energy p , that is illuminated by light of frequency f.

The phenomenon this question relates to is the photoelectric effect, and it can only be explained using Einstein’s photon model of light.
Electromagnetic waves are emitted in discrete lumps of energy, called photons.
 The energy carried by one of these photons is given by E = hf = hc/l where l is the wavelength of the wave ( f=c/l ) , and h is the planks constant.
If a photon collides with a free electron in the surface of the metal, then the electron absorbs all of the energy of the photon. So the electron gains energy equal to hf.
However, energy is required to remove this electron from the metal. This is due to the negative charge of the electron and the positive charge of the nuclei in the metal atoms causing an attraction between them.
The energy required to remove the electron is the 'work function energy', p.
So the maximum kinetic energy that an electron can have once it has absorbed a photon and left the metal is KE = hf – p.
This is because the electron initially gains ‘hf’ of kinetic energy from the photon but then loses ‘p’ energy as it does work against the forces holding it in the metal.

GR
Answered by George R. Physics tutor

21165 Views

See similar Physics A Level tutors

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

A ball is launched from ground level at 5m/s at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. What is its height above ground level at the highest point in its trajectory?


Describe how the strong nuclear force between two nucleons varies the distance between the 2 nucleons.


What is a vector?


How can I describe the motion of an object falling, due to gravity, through a fluid? And when does the object reach terminal velocity?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2025

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences