What happens to ice when energy is supplied at a constant rate in terms of the changes in energy of the molecules?

If we start with water at 263K (ice) then the molecules are positioned in a regular lattice structure held in place by hydrogen bonds. The molecules have some vibrational energy but not much translational energy (kinetic energy). As energy is supplied the molecules gain kinetic energy and this corresponds to an increase in temperature because temperature is directly proportional to internal energy change. The water reaches 273K where the energy now begins to go into the bonds between the molecules and so in this transition phase the temperature is constant. This energy is called the latent heat of formation. In this transition the potential energy changes not the kinetic energy.

Now we have liquid water where the molecules have significantly more kinetic energy as they are not held in place with intermolecular bonds. Therefore, there is less potential energy as there are weaker bonds. A similar process will occur when the water gains even more energy and it reaches 373K and forms a gas which has the most kinetic energy and the least potential energy.

SD
Answered by Stuart D. Physics tutor

2518 Views

See similar Physics A Level tutors

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

In a circuit with a thermistor and bulb, what happens to the brightness of the bulb as the temperature increases?


Light with a frequency of 200nm is shone on a sodium plate with a work function of 2.28eV and electrons start escaping the surface of the plate due to the photoelectric effect. What is the maximum kinetic energy of one of these electrons in eV?


The roar of a tiger in a zoo can be heard by visitors at the entrance, even though the tiger can not be seen because there is a hill in the way. Name and explain this effect.


What is the angular velocity of a person standing on the surface of the earth. Give your answer in radians per second


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning