Evaluate ∫sin⁴(x) dx by expressing sin⁴(x) in terms of multiple angles

First we remember that sinθ can be expressed in terms of powers of z, where z=cos(θ)+isin(θ), using the following:2isin(nθ)=zⁿ-z⁻ⁿ and 2cos(nθ)=zⁿ+z⁻ⁿ
so, [2isin(θ)]⁴=[z¹-z⁻¹]⁴ 16sin(θ)=(z)⁴(-z⁻¹)⁰+4(z)³(-z⁻¹)¹+6(z)²(-z⁻¹)²+4(z)¹(-z⁻¹)³+(z)⁰(-z⁻¹)⁴ by binomial exp.This simplifies to:16sin(θ)=(z⁴+z⁻⁴)-4(z²+z⁻²)+6but as we saw before (zⁿ+z⁻ⁿ)=2cos(nθ)so 16sin⁴(θ)=2cos(4θ)-8cos(2θ)+6so ∫sin⁴(x)=(1/16)∫2cos(4θ)-8cos(2θ)+6dx=3/8x-1/4sin(2x)+1/32sin(4x)+C.

NH

Related Further Mathematics A Level answers

All answers ▸

A parabola with equation y^2=4ax for constant a is translated by the vector (2,3) to give the curve C. The curve C passes through the point (4,7), what is the value of a?


Use De Moivre's Theorem to show that if z = cos(q)+isin(q), then (z^n)+(z^-n) = 2cos(nq) and (z^n)-(z^-n)=2isin(nq).


How do I do a proof by induction?


find general solution to: x(dy/dx) + 2y = 4x^2