Evaluate the reasons for continuing working class underachievement in the education system (30 marks)

PLAN:1 - Subcultures - Willis - 12 lads, formed anti-school subculture as felt system taught MC valuesLacey - Pro and anti school pupil subcultures emerge in response to labelling; labelling can create success or failure2 - Cultural Deprivation - Bernstein speech codes - WC use restricted code, MC use elaborated - this is the one needed for education success (wide vocab, complex sentences, universalistic)3 - Material deprivation - nutrition, tutors, textbooks, housing 4 - Labelling - Becker, Rosenthal and Jacobson - self fulfilling prophecy5 - Habitus/WC subculture - Sugarman - 4 features of working-class culture that act as a barrier: Fatalism, present-time orientation, collectivism and immediate gratification = these values do not gel with educational success6 - Streaming - Keddie - high and low status knowledge, ideal student