Outline one criticism of research into reciprocity (4 marks)

Although research into reciprocity uses well-controlled procedures, it is hard to know what is actually going on from the perspective of the baby. Gratier observed that many children display the same facial expressions or hand signals, which can all be interpreted differently. Therefore, it is difficult to establish whether these patterns of behaviours have a special relevance, meaning that the research lacks validity and accuracy. 

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Answered by Francesca F. Psychology tutor

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