What is the difference between consumer surplus and producer surplus, and what significance do these two concepts have on the free market?

Consumer surplus is the difference between the price a consumer is willing to pay for a good, and the actual price of that good. Producer surplus is the difference between the price a producer is willing to sell a good, and the actual price of that good.These two concepts coexisting are fundamentally why market transactions happen. The producer is able to get more from selling the good on the free market than the minimum price they were willing to sell for, and the consumer is able to purchase the good at a lower price than they would have been willing to pay. This means that both the consumer and producer benefits from this particular free market transaction.