How Do You Form the Perfect Tense in German?

Of course, as is generally the case in European languages, there are irregularities in the way some verbs are put into the perfect tense in German. However the majority of verbs, the regular ones, will follow this model in basic, unsubordinated sentences: SUBJECT (any noun or pronoun) + AUXILIARY VERB (the correct conjugation of 'haben' or 'sein' in regards to the subject - 'haben' is used for most verbs, with 'sein' being used only for handful of verbs mainly concerned with motion) + ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (this can include any direct or indirect object, time phrase, adverb etc.) + PAST PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB (in German, this is formed by taking the infinitive of the verb, removing the 'en' ending, replacing it with 't' and adding the prefix 'ge' to the front - it should be mentioned, however, that verbs which already have prefixes, such as 'be', 'ver', 'ent' or 'er' etc. in the infinitive will neglect the 'ge' phase and simply maintain their own prefix).
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY + ADDITIONAL INFORMATION + PAST PARTICIPLE
EXAMPLE: Present Tense - 'Ich spiele Federball' (I play badminton). Perfect Tense - 'Ich habe Federball gespielt' (I played/have played badminton).
ANALYSIS: SUBJECT - Ich (I) AUXILIARY - habe (the conjugation of 'haben' for 'ich', which is the auxiliary for the verb 'spielen' in the perfect tense) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION - Federball (the direct object of the verb 'spielen') PAST PARTICIPLE - gespielt (from the infinitive 'spielen' (to play) -replace the 'en' stem with 't' and add the prefix 'ge' to get 'gespielt').



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Answered by Ellis L. German tutor

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How do you use the perfect tense?


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