Explain Rutherford's atomic model experiment

Rutherford had a sheet of gold foil just a few atoms thick, and surrounded it with detectors. He then fired alpha particles at the gold sheet, knowing that these were positively charged. Some of these were deflected from their paths, a very small number were reflected, but most passed straight through the foil. This told Rutherford that most of the atom must be empty space. He explained the deflections and reflections with a concentration of charge in the middle of the space of each atom. As so few were reflected and deflected compared to those that went straight through, the charge must be tiny compared to the atom. As it was repelling the positive alpha particles, it must also be positive. This was the nucleus.

HM

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

Why does an α particle cause more ionisation than a β particle if they have the same kinetic energy?


A block of mass m is released from rest on a surface inclined at 30⁰ to the horizontal with a coefficient of friction of 0.3. How long does it take for the block to slide 1 m?


Explain how a stationary wave is produced when a string fixed at both ends is plucked


A ball is hit horizontally at a height of 1.2 m and travels a horizontal distance of 5.0 m before reaching the ground. The ball is at rest when hit. Calculate the initial horizontal velocity given to the ball when it was hit.