How could I calculate the internal resistance of a cell?

Firstly, we must set-up an experiment and would need the following apparatus: The cell, a voltmeter, an ammeter and a variable resistor (a rheostat for this example). Setup the experiment so that the cell, the ammeter and the rheostat are all in series and have the voltmeter in parallel with the cell. Now vary the resistance and take readings of the current using the ammeter and potential difference using the voltmeter. To get a good value for the error on the internal resistance it is important to take repeat readings.Now once you have a decent set of data we must plot it on a graph. The relevant equation for this experiment is E.M.F = V + Ir, where E.M.F is the electromotive force of the cell, V is the recorded voltages, I is the recorded currents and r is the internal resistance of the cell. We can rearrange this equation such that we can model our data to be represented by a linear graph. The re-arranged form of the equation would be V = -rI + E.M.F. Therefore, by plotting our recorded values for potential difference on the y-axis and current on the x-axis we should now be able to simply draw a line such that it fits all of our data points. Now since we know that straight line graphs follow the equation y = mx + c, we know the y-intercept represents the total E.M.F of the cell and the gradient represents the internal resistance.

AJ
Answered by Aman J. Physics tutor

10023 Views

See similar Physics A Level tutors

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

How do I find how much radioactive material is left after time t if I know its half-life?


In the Rutherford alpha scattering experiment, most particles passed straight through the foil with little or no deflection. What can be deduced about the structure of the atom from this?


A car of mass 800 kg is accelerated horizontally by constant net force of 1920 N for 9 s. It then breaks for 2 s, but drives off a 5 m high cliff. If μ = 0.85, what is the total horizontal distance travelled by car and its velocity? Ignore air resistance.


A Positron has the same mass, but opposite charge to an electron. A Positron and electron are orbiting around each other separated by 1μm, in a stable circular orbit about their centre of mass, as a result of electrostatic attraction. Calculate the period


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning