what is meant by the term socialisation? 5 marks

Socialisation is the process in which individuals learn the norms and values of society. There are two types of socialisation which are primary and secondary. Primary socialisation begins at childhood and the main agents include the family. The family will pass on the norms and values of society that the child must conform to in order to be socially accepted. Gender roles are also passed through primary socialisation using canalisation, manipulation and verbal appellation. Secondary socialisation is usually conducted through peer groups and education when the individual is in their teen-age years. This is when individuals can conform to peer pressure and behave anti socially or begin smoking to "fit in". Education also teaches the written (formal) and unwritten (informal) rules of education. Formal rules include doing homework and being punctual, and informal rules include wearing a uniform and holding doors open for teachers. If individuals fail to conform to either rules they will be negatively sanctioned.