Define the term Humanism and identify (artist, title, date/location if appropriate) one work which has been affected by this idea.

Humanism in the Renaissance meant the revival of secular art forms and ideologies that exalted the Classical period as the height of intellectual thought and art forms. It was an ideology that was held by Renaissance artists and writers as the belief that human thought and depiction in art forms could be held to the same caliber as that of the divine ideologies of the church. It was a period that grew out from the 'dark ages' of the medieval period and formed a 'rebirth' of artistic technique and thought. Raphael's Philosophy fresco from the School of Athens in the Vatican papal palace clearly defines this revival of Classical form and thought. The central two figures in the fresco are the pagan philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and the surrounding philosophers and mathematicians are also of the Classical period, representing a tribute to secular ideology. the architecture in the background also recalls Roman tradition, with elements such as coffered barelling, pilasters, and Greco-Roman statuary, clearly displaying the close link between humanist ideals and the revival of Classical art forms.