What is a hotspot?

A hotspot is a small area within the mantle which is of a higher temperature than the area surrounding it, and is usually associated with volcanic activity.

Formation:

1. A vertical column of magma rises up the mantle (it is lighter than the surrounding rock) – this is called a magma plume

2. The magma plume pierces through the crust and heats the plate, erupting onto the ocean floor

3. A mound of solid magma is left and countless eruptions cause it to build up above sea level, forming a volcano

4. As the plate moves over the stationary hotspot, the volcanoes are moved away, cutting off the magma source and causing them to become extinct

5. New volcanoes are formed in the part of the crust that is now above the hotspot, creating a series of volcanoes

6. This results in a volcanic island arc

7. The older volcanoes are smaller due to erosion and weathering, whereas the newer ones are bigger

Example: Hawaii is made up of an island arc

SP
Answered by Sarah P. Geography tutor

13691 Views

See similar Geography A Level tutors

Related Geography A Level answers

All answers ▸

Explain what occurs at a conservative plate boundary and provide an example.


With a reference to a named global ecosystem, assess the global and local value of its goods and services.


With reference to a named disease of affluence, outline the impact on health, economic development and lifestyle.


Describe the characteristic features of the biome of one tropical region you have studied.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2025 by IXL Learning