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Describe how you would use a biochemical test to show that a solution contained a protein (2 marks)

Biuret testThe solution colour changes to: Lilac / purple / mauve / violet(specific colour required, reject blue or pink)
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Name two enzymes involved in DNA replication (2 marks)

DNA helicase (1 marks)DNA polymerase (1 marks)
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How does a vaccine lead to the production of antibodies against a virus?

The vaccine contains antigens of the virus. When injected, these antigens are recognised by macrophages which engulf the antigen and present the antigens on their surface. Once the antigens are presented, th...
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Explain 3 ways in which a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis. [6 marks]

Can efficiently absorb sunlight- upper part of leaf contains tightly packed palisade mesophyll cells; cells have large vacuole which pushes chloroplasts to the edge of leaf and well developed cytoskeleton to...
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Describe how B-lymphocytes respond when they are stimulated by antigens.

When B-lymphocytes are stimulated by antigens, they first divide by mitosis to form clones, some of which become plasma cells that secrete antibodies, others become memory B-cells which can be stimulated at ...
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