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Explain the roles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in protein trafficking and modification.

Proteins are produced at the ribosome. Ribosomes dock to the rER membrane on translocons and peptide is inserted into the rER lumen coupled with ATP hydrolysis. The peptide folds into its tertiary structure ...
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Answered by William F. • Biology tutor
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Describe and explain the series of events leading to excitatory post synaptic stimulation upon the activation of a pacinian corpuscle.

Pacinian corpuscle is stimulated by pressure on the skin. 2) This opens stretch mediated sodium ion channels. 3) Sodium ions leak into the sensory nerve axon via facilitated diffusion thereby causing depolar...
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Answered by Kestra D. • Biology tutor
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Describe the structure of human DNA (4 marks)

- 2 strands: Intertwine to form a double-helix structure Phosphodiester bonds between between phosphate group and pentose sugar of nucleotides - 4 Bases: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine. Complementary ba...
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Answered by Christos C. • Biology tutor
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Explain how a blood clot can cause a heart attack?

A blood clot or thrombus is formed pathologically in the blood stream when the clotting cascade is activated inappropriately. This commonly occurs over the rough vessel surface during atherosclerosis of an a...
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Answered by Alex K. • Biology tutor
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How does the kidney filter out different molecules?

In the blood flowing through the kidneys, you find lots of different substances, like glucose and amino acids (which the body wants to keep and use) and urea (which the body wants to get rid of). The first i...
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Answered by Isobel E. • Biology tutor
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