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The genetic code is described as degenerate, universal and overlapping. Explain these terms.

The genetic code is universal because all species use the same four bases A,T,C and G, and each base sequence codes for the same amino acid in all species. despite the 64 possible codons (sequence of three b...
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Answered by Emily W. • Biology tutor
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Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

Muscle contraction begins after an action potential reaches the required muscle and causes the calcium ion protein channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open. This allows the calcium ions to diffuse down...
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Answered by Isabel L. • Biology tutor
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Human breast milk is produced and secreted by gland cells. These gland cells have adaptations that include many mitochondria and many Golgi vesicles. Explain the role of these cell adaptations in the production and secretion of breast milk.

(Many mitochondria) release energy / ATP for movement of vesicles / synthesis of protein / active transport; 2. (Many Golgi) vesicles transport protein / glycoprotein / milk to cell membrane / out of cell;
Answered by • Biology tutor
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Describe how an enzyme increases the rate of a biochemical reaction?

An enzyme has an active site at which it binds to the substrates involved in the biochemical reaction. This results in the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex. The formation of such an intermediate comp...
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Answered by Rebecca S. • Biology tutor
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Over-watering a plant can result in the soil around a plant's roots becoming saturated with water, reducing the amount of oxygen available to the roots. Using your knowledge of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, explain how over-watering can kill a plant.

When there is less oxygen available in the soil for uptake by plant roots, the root cells will be forced to increase their usage of anaerobic respiration over aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration produ...
Answered by • Biology tutor
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