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DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. And what is DNA? Well, it’s basically a carrier of genetic information. DNA is found in all cells, and it contains the information needed for cells to live, to grow and ...

Semi-conservative replication would produce 2 copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand. 1- Weak hydrogen bonds between bases allow two strands to unzip2- 2 strands exists, bo...

Within the initial population of bacteria, some will have an allele that provides them with resistance to a specific antibiotic which is due to mutations, random spontaneous changes in the base sequence of D...

Unlike other muscle cells in the human body, cardiac muscle is able to contract independently of the central nervous system. This is because it contains ‘pacemaker cells’ which are able to spontaneously gene...

Relevant Points: Loading: loading into companion cells, location of companion cells at source(s), active loading of sucrose, mitochondrial action in companion cells, mechanism of proton gradient and co-trans...