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How does the structure and bonding of alkanes differ to that of alkenes?

In alkanes, such as propane, the carbon atoms are sp 3 hybridised, meaning that each carbon atom has 4 sp 3 molecular orbitals associated with it available for covalent bonding. These form 4 sigma bonds (bon...
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Answered by Edward G. • Chemistry tutor
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State and explain the trend in melting points of diamond, iodine and hydrogen fluoride.

Diamond is covalently bonded and has a giant covalent structure. Covalent bonds require lots of energy to break as they are strong so diamond has the highest melting point. Iodine has only weak intermolecula...
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Answered by Ceri F. • Chemistry tutor
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Explain, in general, how a catalyst works

A catalyst is a material that can speed up a reaction, but reamins chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction . A catalyst works by providing the reactants an alternative route of reaction with a lowere...
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Answered by Chung L. • Chemistry tutor
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Define and give an example of Le Chatalier's Principle of Chemical Equilibrium.

For any change that occurs in a chemical system, the equilibrium of that system will shift in order to counteract the change being imposed on that system. For example, if the temperature is increased for a r...
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Answered by Benn C. • Chemistry tutor
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How do heterolytic catalysts work?

What are catalysts? They are substances that speed up the rate of reaction by providing a favourable pathway, of lower activation energy, for the reaction to proceed. A heterogeneous catalyst is one that is ...
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Answered by Dhylan M. • Chemistry tutor
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