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Effective Nuclear Charge is the net positive nuclear charge experienced by a valence electron orbiting the positively charged nucleus in an atom. Effective nuclear charge is redcued by: -increased distance b...

The pi-bonds in benzene are delocalised over the entire ring, while in an alkene the pi-bonds are only delocalised over two carbon atoms. This means that benzene has a lower charge denisity than an alkene so...

For this question we will look at Sodium Sulphite (Na 2 SO 3 ) and its titration against Potassium Permanganate (KMnO 4 ). This requires acidic conditions. In this example we need to know several things: Tha...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic technique used to detect certain nuclei in a molecule. 1 H and 13 C are the most commonly identified nuclei , however nuclei with an odd mass number can ex...

A dative covalent bond, or coordinate bond, is a bond where there is 1 pair of shared electrons between two atoms. The difference relative to a covalent bond is that in a dative covalent bond these electrons...